Fagervold, S.K., H.D. May and K.R. Sowers. Microbial reductive dechlorination of Aroclor 1260 in Baltimore Harbor sediment microcosms is catalyzed by three phylotypes within the Chloroflexi. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. In press. [ABSTRACT]

Sowers, K.R. and K. Anderson. 2007. Molecular Genetics of Archaea. In: R. Cavicchioli (ed.), Archaea: Molecular Cell Biology. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D. C., pp. 463-477. ISBN: 978-1-55581-391-8.

Sowers, K.R., S. DasSarma and P. Blum. 2007. Gene transfer in Archaea. In: C. A. Reddy, T. J. Beveridge, J. A. Breznak, G. A. Marzluf, and T. M. Schmidt (ed.), Methods for General and Molecular Microbiology. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D. C.In press.

D.L. Maeder, I. Anderson, T. Brettin, D. Bruce, P. Gilna, C. S. Han, A. Lapidus, W.W. Metcalf, E. Saunders, R. Tapia, and K.R. Sowers. 2006. The Methanosarcinabarkeri genome: comparative analysis with Methanosarcinaacetivorans and Methanosarcinamazei reveals extensive rearrangement within methanosarcinal genomes. J. Bacteriol. 188: 7922-7931 [ABSTRACT].

H.D. May, L.A. Cutter, G.S. Miller, C.E. Milliken, J.E.M. Watts, and K.R. Sowers. 2006. Stimulatory and Inhibitory Effects of Organohalides on the Dehalogenating Activities of PCB-Dechlorinating Bacterium o-17. Environ. Sci Technol. 40: 5704-5709 [ABSTRACT].

Reid, I.N., W.B. Sparks, S. Lubow, M. McGrath, M. Livio, J. Valenti, K.R. Sowers, H.D. Shukla, S. MacAuley, T. Miller, R. Suvanasuthi, R. Belas, A. Colman, F.T. Robb, P. DasSarma, J.A. Muller, J.A. Coker, R. Cavicchioli, F. Chen, S. DasSarma. 2006. Terrestrial models for extraterrestrial life: methanogens and halophiles at Martian temperatures. International Journal of Astrobiology 5: 89-97 [ABSTRACT].

Kjellerup, B.V., G. Gudmonsson, K.R. Sowers, P.H. Nielsen. 2006. Evaluation of Analytical Methods for Analyzing the Distribution of Biofilm and Active Bacteria in a Commercial Heating System. Biofouling 22: 145-151.

Sowers, K.R. and J.E.M. Watts. 2006. The study of strictly anaerobic microorganisms. In: F. A. Rainey and A. Oren (ed.), Methods in Microbiology - Extremophiles, v. 35. Elsevier/Academic Press, Oxford, pp. 739-764. ISBN: 0-12-521537-1 [ABSTRACT].

Fagervold, S.K., J.E.M. Watts, H.D. May and K.R. Sowers. 2005. Sequential reductive dechlorination of meta-chlorinated PCB congeners in sediment microcosms by two different phylotypes of Chloroflexi . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71: 8085-8090 [ABSTRACT].

Apolinario-Smith, E., K.M. Jackson, and K.R. Sowers. 2005. Development of a plasmid-mediated reporter system for in vivo monitoring of gene expression in the archaeon Methanosarcina acetivorans. Appl. Envion. Microbiol. 71: 4914-4918 [ABSTRACT].

Watts, J.E.M., S.K. Fagervold, H.D. May and K.R. Sowers. 2005. A PCR based specific assay reveals a diverse population of bacteria within the Chloroflexi associated with the reductive dehalogenation of polychlorinated biphenyls. Microbiology UK, 151: 2039-2046 [ABSTRACT].

Miller, G.S., C.E. Milliken, K. R. Sowers, and H. D. May. 2005. Reductive Dechlorination of Tetrachloroethene to trans-Dichloroethene and cis-Dichloroethene by PCB-Dechlorinating Bacterium DF-1. Environ. Sci. Technol., 39:2631-2635 [ABSTRACT].

Baxter, B.K., C.D. Litchfield, K.R. Sowers, J.D. Griffith, P. Arora Dassarma and S. DasSarma. 2005. Microbial Diversity of Great Salt Lake. In: N. Gunde-Cimerman, A. Oren, A. Plemenitas (ed.), Adaptation to life at high salt concentrations in Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Springer Science, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 9-26.

Watts, J.E.M., S.K. Fagervold, G.S. Miller, C.E. Milliken, H.D. May and K.R. Sowers. 2004. Microbial Reductive Dechlorination of Organochlorine Pollutants in the Marine Environment. J. Mar. Biotechnol., 6 (Supplement 1): S378-S386 [ABSTRACT].

Shahamat, M., M. Alavi, J.E.M. Watts, J.M. Gonzalez, K.R. Sowers, D.W. Maeder, and F.T. Robb. 2004. Development of Two PCR-Based Techniques for Detecting Helical and Coccoid Forms of Helicobacter pylori. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42 (8): 3613-3619 [ABSTRACT].

Milliken, C.E., G. P. Meier, J. E. M. Watts, K. R. Sowers, and H. D. May. 2004. Chlorophenol production by anaerobic microorganisms: transformation of a biogenic chlorinated hydroquinone metabolite. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 70: 2494-2496 [ABSTRACT].

Milliken, C.E., G. P. Meier, K. R. Sowers, and H. D. May. 2004. Microbial anaerobic demethylation and dechlorination of chlorinated hydroquinone metabolites synthesized by basidiomycete fungi. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70: 385-392 [ABSTRACT].

Nicholas J. Drenzek, Christopher M. Reddy, Timothy I. Eglinton, Carl O. Wirsen, Harold D. May, Neil C. Sturchio, Linnea J. Heraty, Kevin R. Sowers, and Qingzhong Wu. 2004. Invariant Chlorine Isotopic Signatures During PCB Reductive Dechlorination. Environmental Pollution 128: 445-448 [ABSTRACT].

Sowers, K.R. 2004. Methanogenesis. In: M. Schaechter (ed.), The Desk Encylopedia of Microbiology. Elsevier Academic Press, Inc. London, pp. 459-479. ISBN: 0-12-621361-5.

Saunders, Neil F.W., T. Thomas, P.M.G. Curmi, J. Mattick, E. Kuczek, R. Slade, J. Davis, P. Franzmann, D. Boone, K. Rusterholtz, R. Feldman, C. Gates, S. Bench, K. Sowers, K. Kadner, A. Aerts, P. Dehal, C. Detter, T. Glavina, S. Lucas, F. Larimer, L. Hauser, M. Land and R. Cavicchioli. 2003. Mechanisms of Thermal adaptation revealed by the genomes of the Antarctic Archaea, Methanogenium frigidum and Methanococcoides burtonii. Genome Research, 13: 1580-1588 [ABSTRACT].

Tal, Y., J.E.M. Watts, S.B. Schreier, K.R. Sowers, H.J. Schreier. 2002. Characterization of the microbial community and nitrogen transformation processes associated with moving bed bioreactors in a closed recirculated marine system. Aquaculture 215: 187-202 [ABSTRACT].

Wu, Q., G.P. Meier, K.R. Sowers, and H.D. May. 2002. Reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated benzenes by Bacterium DF-1, a polychlorinated biphenyl-dechlorinating microorganism. Environ. Sci. & Technol. 36(15): 3290-3294 [ABSTRACT].

Cavicchioli, R., K.S. Siddiqui, D. Andrews, and K.R. Sowers. 2002. Low Temerpature Extremophiles and their Applications. Current Opinion in Biotechnology. Curr. Opinions in Biotechnol. 13: 253-261 [ABSTRACT].

Tal, Y., J.E.M. Watts, S.B. Schreier, K.R. Sowers, H.J. Schreier. 2002. Nitrification, denitrification and anammox processes associated with the microbial community of moving bed bioreactors in a closed recirculated marine system, pp 451-460. Proc. 4^th Int. Conf. Recirculating Aquaculture, Roanoke, VA.

Lipman, R.S.A J. Wang, K. R. Sowers, and Y.-M. Hou. 2002. Prevention of Mis-Aminoacylation of a Dual-Specificity Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase. J. Mol. Biol. 315: 943-949 [ABSTRACT].

Galagan, J.E., et al. 2002. The genome of Methanosarcina acetivorans reveals extensive metabolic and physiological diversity. Genome Research 12: 532-542 [ABSTRACT].

Wu, Q., Watts, J.E.M., K.R. Sowers and H.D. May. 2002. Identification of a bacterium that Catalyzes double-flanked PCB dechlorination. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69(2): 807-812 [ABSTRACT].

Sowers, K.R. and J.G. Ferry. 2002. Marine Methanogenesis. In: G. Bitton (ed.), The Encyclopedia of Environmental Microbiology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Cutter, L.A., J.E.M. Watts, R.R. Hebert, K.R. Sowers and H.D. May. 2001. Identification of a Bacterium that links its growth to the reductively dechlorination of 2,3,5,6-chlorobiphenyl. Environ. Microbiol. 3(11): 699-709 [ABSTRACT].

Watts, J.E.M., Q. Wu, S.B. Schreier, H.D. May and K.R. Sowers. 2001. Comparative analyses of PCB dechlorinating communities in enrichment cultures using three different molecular screening techniques. Environ. Microbiol. 3(11): 710-719 [ABSTRACT].

Drenzek, N.J., T.I. Eglinton, C.O. Wirsen, H.D. May, Q. Wu, K.R. Sowers, and C.M. Reddy. 2001. The absence and application of stable carbon isotope fractionation during the reductive dehalogenation of polychlorinated biphenyls. Environ. Sci. Technology. 35: 3310-3313 [ABSTRACT].

Sowers, K.R. 2000. Methanogenesis. In: Lederberg, Alexander, Bloom, Hopwood, Hull, Iglewski, Laskin, Oliver, Schaechter, Summers (eds.), Encylopedia of Microbiology, 2nd edition. Academic Press, Inc.

Lipman, R.S.A., K.R. Sowers, and Ya-Ming Hou. 2000. Synthesis of cysteinyl-tRNAcys by a genome that lacks the normal cysteine-tRNA synthetase. Biochemistry 39: 7792-7798 [ABSTRACT].

Elberson, M.A., Malekzadeh, F., Yazdi, M.T., Kameranpour, N., Noori-Daloii, M.R., Matte, M.H., Shahamat, M., Colwell, R.R. and K.R. Sowers*. 2000. Cellulomonas persica sp. nov. and Cellulomonas iranensis sp. nov., mesophilic cellulose-degrading bacteria isolated from forest soils. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 50: 993-996 [ABSTRACT].

Wu, Q., K.R. Sowers and H.D. May. 2000. Establishment of a PCB-dechlorinating microbial consortium, specific for doubly-flanked chlorines, in a sediment-free medium. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66: 49-53 [ABSTRACT].

Hamann, C.S., K.R. Sowers, R.S.A. Lipman, and Ya-Ming Hou. 1999. An archaeal aminoacyl- tRNA synthetase missing from genomic analysis. J. Bacteriol. 181: 5880-5884 [ABSTRACT].

Sowers, K.R.* and H.J. Schreier. 1999. Gene transfer systems for the Archaea. Trends Microbiol. 7: 212-219 [ABSTRACT].

Holoman, T.R.P., M.A. Elberson, L. Cutter, H.D. May and K.R. Sowers. 1998. Selective enrichment of defined 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorobiphenyl ortho-dechlorinating microbial consortia and monitoring of population profiles by comparative sequence analysis of 16S rDNA. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64: 3359-3367 [ABSTRACT].

Cutter, L., K.R. Sowers and H.D. May. Ortho-declorination of 2,3,5,6,-chlorinated biphenyl by estuarine microbial populations in sediment-free enrichment cultures. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64: 2966-2969 [ABSTRACT].

Wu, Q., K.R. Sowers and H.D. May. 1998. Microbial reductive dechlorination of Aroclor 1260 in anaerobic slurries of estuarine sediments. Appl. Environ.Microbiol. 64: 1052-1058 [ABSTRACT].

M.A. Elberson and Sowers, K.R. 1997. Isolation of an aceticlastic strain of Methanosarcina siciliae from marine canyon sediments, and emendation of the species description for Methanosarcina siciliae. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 47: 1258-1261 [ABSTRACT].

Metcalf, W.W. , J.K. Zhang, E. Apolinario, K.R. Sowers, and R.S. Wolfe. 1997. An archaeal gene transfer system for Methanosarcina spp.: liposome-mediated transformation and construction of shuttle vectors. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 94: 2626-2631 [ABSTRACT].

Apolinario, E.A. and K.R. Sowers. 1996. Plate colonization of Methanococcus maripaludis and Methanosarcina thermophila in a modified canning jar. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 145: 131-137 [ABSTRACT].

Berkaw, M., K.R. Sowers, and H.D. May. 1996. Anaerobic ortho-dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls by estuarine sediments from Baltimore Harbor. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62: 2534-2539 [ABSTRACT].

Sowers, K.R. and R.P. Gunsalus. 1995. Halotolerance in the Methanosarcinaceae: role of Neacetyl--lysine, a-glutamate, glycine betaine and K+ as compatible solutes for osmotic adaptation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61: 4382-4388 [ABSTRACT].

Sowers, K.R. Methanogenic archaea: an overview. 1995. In:Archaea - A Laboratory Manual, F.T. Robb, K.R. Sowers, S. DasSharma, A.R. Place, H.J. Schreier, E.M. Fleischmann, (eds.). Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.

Sowers, K.R. Techniques for monitoring cell growth. 1995. In: Archaea - A Laboratory Manual, F.T. Robb, K.R. Sowers, S. DasSharma, A.R. Place, H.J. Schreier, E.M. Fleischmann (eds.). Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.

Sowers, K.R. Techniques for anaerobic biochemistry. 1995. In: Archaea - A Laboratory Manual, F.T. Robb, K.R. Sowers, S. DasSharma, A.R. Place, H.J. Schreier, E.M. Fleischmann (eds.). Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.

Roberts, M.F., R.P. Gunsalus and K.R. Sowers. 1995. Extraction and detection of compatible intracellular solutes. In: Archaea - A Laboratory Manual, F.T. Robb, K.R. Sowers, S. DasSharma, A.R. Place, H.J. Schreier, E.M. Fleischmann (eds.). Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.

Sowers, K.R. Growth of Methanosarcina spp. as single cells. 1995. In: Archaea - A Laboratory Manual, F.T. Robb, K.R. Sowers, S. DasSharma, A.R. Place, H.J. Schreier, E.M. Fleischmann (eds.). Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.

Sowers, K.R. and Noll, K.M. Techniques for anaerobic growth. 1995. In:Archaea - A Laboratory Manual, F.T. Robb, K.R. Sowers, S. DasSharma, A.R. Place, H.J. Schreier, E.M. Fleischmann (eds.). Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.

Sowers, K.R. Gene selection and cloning with lambda bacteriophage libraries. 1995. In: Archaea - A Laboratory Manual, F.T. Robb, K.R. Sowers, S. DasSharma, A.R. Place, H.J. Schreier, E.M. Fleischmann (eds.). Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.

Sowers, K.R. Isolation of chromosomal and plasmid DNA from the methanogenic archaea. 1995. In:Archaea - A Laboratory Manual. F.T. Robb, K.R. Sowers, S. DasSharma, A.R. Place, H.J. Schreier, E.M. Fleischmann (eds.). Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.

Sowers, K.R. Large-scale growth of formate- and acetate-utilizing Methanosarcina spp. in a pH Auxostat. 1995. In:Archaea - A Laboratory Manual. F.T. Robb, K.R. Sowers, S. DasSharma, A.R. Place, H.J. Schreier, E.M. Fleischmann (eds.). Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.

Sowers, K.R., T.T. Thai, and R.P. Gunsalus. 1993. Transcriptional regulation of the carbon monoxide gene (cdhA) in Methanosarcina thermophila. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 23172-23178 [ABSTRACT].

Sowers, K.R., J. Boone, and R.P. Gunsalus. 1993. Disaggregation of Methanosarcina spp. and growth as single cells at elevated osmolarity. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59: 3832-3839 [ABSTRACT].

Lai, M.-C., K.R. Sowers, D.E. Robertson, M.F. Roberts and R.P. Gunsalus. 1991. Distribution of compatible solutes in the halophilic methanogenic archaebacteria. J. Bacteriol. 173: 5352-5358 [ABSTRACT].

Sowers, K.R., D.E. Robertson, D.E. Noll, R.P. Gunsalus, and M.R. Roberts. 1990. Ne-Acetyl-b-lysine: An osmolyte synthesized by methanogenic archaebacteria. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. (USA), 87:9083-9087 [ABSTRACT].

Sowers, K.R. 1989. Genus Methanococcoides, p. 2210-2211. In: Staley, Bryant, Pfennig and Holt (ed.), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol. 3. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore. ISBN 0-683-07908-5

Sowers, K.R. and R.P. Gunsalus. 1988. Adaptation for growth at various saline concentrations by the archaebacterium Methanosarcina thermophila. J. Bacteriol. 170: 998-1002 [ABSTRACT].

Sowers, K.R. and R.P. Gunsalus. 1988. Plasmid DNA from the acetotrophic methanogen Methanosarcina acetivorans. J. Bacteriol. 170: 4979-4982 [ABSTRACT].

Sowers, K.R. and J.G. Ferry. 1985. Trace metal and vitamin requirements of Methanococcoides methylutens grown on trimethylamine. Arch. Microbiol. 142: 148-151 [ABSTRACT].

Zinder, S.H., K.R. Sowers, and J.G. Ferry. 1985. Methanosarcina thermophila sp. nov., a thermophilic, acetotrophic methane-producing bacterium. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 35: 522-523.

Sowers, K.R., S.F. Baron and J.G. Ferry. 1984. Methanosarcina acetivorans sp. nov., an acetotrophic methane producing bacterium isolated from marine sediments. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.47: 972-978 [ABSTRACT].

Sowers, K.R., J.L. Johnson and J.G. Ferry. 1984. Phylogenetic relationships among the methylotrophic methane producing bacteria and emendation of the family Methanosarcinaceae. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 34: 444-450.

Sowers, K.R., M.J. Nelson and J.G. Ferry. 1984. Growth of acetotrophic methane producing bacteria in a pH auxostat. Curr Microbiol. 11: 227-230 [ABSTRACT].

Sowers, K.R. and J.G. Ferry. 1984. Characterization of a methanogenic kelp degrading consortium, pp. 316-325. In: Proc. Int. Gas Res. Inst. Conf. Government Institutes, Rockville, MD.

Ferry, J. G. and Sowers, K. R. 1983. Principles of the microbial conversion of biomass to methane, p. 91-110. In: F. Zucconi, M. de Bertoli, E.S. Coppola (ed.), International Symposium on Biological Reclamation and Land Utilization of Urban Wastes. Naples, Italy.

Sowers, K. R., and J. G. Ferry. 1983. Isolation and characterization of a methylotrophic marine methanogen, Methanococcoides methylutens gen. nov., sp. nov. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 45: 684-690 [ABSTRACT].

Books edited:

Archaea - A Laboratory Manual. 1995. F.T. Robb, K.R. Sowers, S. DasSharma, A.R. Place, H.J. Schreier, E.M. Fleischmann (eds.), 1048 pp. Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY. ISBN 0-87969-397-5.

Archaea - A Laboratory Manual: Methanogens. 1995. Sowers, K.R. and H.J. Schreier (eds.), 520 pp. Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY. ISBN 0-87969-439-4.

Abstracts and Presentations (2000-Present):

Sowers, K.R.*, B. Kjellerup, S.K. Fagervold and H.D. May. Developments in the anaerobic in situ monitoring and treatment of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in marine sediments. 8^th International Marine Biotechnology Conference. March 11-16, 2007. Eilat, Israel.

Anderson, K.L.*, E.E. Apolinario, S.R. MacAuley, and K.R. Sowers. Regulation of biogenic methane production from acetate by marine Methanosarcina species?. 8^th International Marine Biotechnology Conference. March 11-16, 2007. Eilat, Israel.

Laksanalamai, P.*, R. Cavicchioli, K.R. Sowers and F.T. Robb. Molecular chaperones from a psychrophilic archaeon, Methanococcoides burtonii. Extremophiles 2006Conference. 8^th International Marine Biotechnology Conference. March 11-16, 2007. Eilat, Israel.

Fagervold, S.K., H.D. May, K.R. Sowers*. The role of individual bacterial phylotypes in the sequential recudtive dehalogenation of Aroclor 1260. 8^th International Marine Biotechnology Conference. March 11-16, 2007. Eilat, Israel.

Fagervold, S.K.*, H.D. May, K.R. Sowers. Anaerobic dehalogenation of PCBs: Linking phylogeny and function. Marine Estuarine Environmental Sciences Annual Colloquium. September 29-30, 2006. Frostburg, MD.

H?ggblom, M.M.*, D.E. Fennell, L.J. Kerkhof, L. Totten, K. Sowers, Y.-B. Ahn, F. Liu, H. Liu, J.-W. Park, V. Krumins. Quantifying Enhanced Microbial Dehalogenation of Organohalide Mixtures in Contaminated Sediments. The Partners in Environmental Technology Technical Symposium and Workshop. November 28-30, 2006. <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-famil