Booij-James, I. S., Dube, S. K., Jansen, M. A. K., Edelman, M., and Mattoo, A. K., 2000. Ultraviolet-B radiation impacts light-mediated turnover of the photosystem II reaction center heterodimer in Arabidopsis mutants altered in phenolic metabolism. Plant Physiol, 124:1275-84. Abstract.

Shimizu, T., Akada, S., Senda, M., Ishikawa, R., Harada, T., Niizeki, M., and Dube, S.K. 1999. Enhanced expression and differential inducibility of soybean chalcone synthase genes by supplemental UV-B in dark-grown seedlings. Plant Mol. Biol. 39:785-795. Abstract.

Akada, S., and Dube, S. K. 1995. Organization of soybean chalcone synthase gene clusters and characterization of a new member of the family. Plant Mol. Biol. 29:189-199. Abstract.

Booij, I. S., Swegle, M., Dube, S. K., Edelman, M., and Mattoo, A. K. 1995. Photodegradation of D1-D2 PSII reaction center heterodimer. In: Photosynthesis: Light to Biosphere. (P. Mathis, ed.) Kluwer Publ. 1:487-490.

Akada, S., Kung, S. D., and Dube, S. K. 1993. Nucleotide sequence of a soybean chalcone synthase gene with a possible role in UV-B sensitivity. Plant Physiol. 102:699-701. Abstract

Early Work by Shyam K. Dube

Shyam Dube and his colleagues have made fundamental contributions to our understanding of the structural requirements for codon-anticodon interaction on the ribosome (1), an essential step in decoding genetic messages and translating into proteins. They provided the first direct evidence for the position of the anticodon in any transfer RNA (2) , defined the anticodon structural domain for codon recognition in the decoding site on the ribosome (1), and demonstrated that an isolated domain can function independently of the rest of molecule (3) , providing the first formal proof, now of general validity, that biologically functional domains can be mobilized. They also elucidated the first primary structure of the polypeptide chain-initiating tRNA in any organism (4), demonstrated a translational control mechanism operating at the level of polypeptide chain initiation (5) and provided insight into the questions of how tRNA binds to aminoacyl synthetase (6) and ribosome (7) . They also provided the first evidence for the 5?-5?-linked dimer structure of the genome of Friend spleen focus forming-lymphatic leukemia virus complex (8) and contributed to insights into the block in erythroid differentiation (9-12) in cells transformed by this virus. From their studies on the effect of thymidine analogues on Friend virus transformed cells, they were the first to demonstrate the anti-retroviral activity of AZT (13), and their work constituted the only research of the time to suggest what would later turn out to be efficacy at treating people with AIDS (14) . Their work on genetic transformation of bone marrow stem cells to methotrexate resistance with DNA containing a mutant dihydrofolate reductase gene constitutes some of the early research on approaches to gene therapy (15) . They have contributed also to the development of methods, particularly for delineating the topography of tyrosine residues in a protein molecule (16) and fingerprinting RNA from any source (17) . The usefulness of the former was demonstrated in experiments identifying the ?buried? and ?exposed? tyrosine residues in ?-chymotrypsin (16) , and of the latter in experiments providing evidence for somatic generation of antibody diversity (18) .

1. Dube SK, Rudland PS, Clark BFC and Marcker KA. A structural requirement for codon-anticodon interaction on the ribosome. Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol 34, 161-166, 1969

2. Clark BFC, Dube SK and Marcker KA. Specific codon-anticodon interaction of an initiator tRNA fragment. Nature 219, 484-485, 1968

3. Rudland PS and Dube SK. Specific interaction of an initiator tRNA fragment with 30S ribosomal subunits. J Mol Biol 43, 273-280, 1969

4. Dube SK, Marcker KA, Clark BFC and Cory S. Nucleotide sequence of N-formyl-methionyl-transfer RNA. Nature 218, 232-233, 1968

5. Dube SK and Rudland P. Control of translation by T4 phage: Altered binding of disfavored messengers. Nature 226, 820-823, 1970

6. Dube SK. Evidence for ?three-point? attachment of tRNA to methionyl tRNA synthetase. Nature New Biology 243, 103-105, 1973

7. Dube SK. Recognition of tRNA by the ribosome: A possible role of 5 S RNA. FEBS Lett 36, 39-42, 1973.

8. Dube SK, Kung HJ, Bender W, Davidson N and Ostertag W. Size, subunit composition, and secondary structure of the Friend virus genome. J Virol 20, 264-272, 1976

9. Ostertag W, Melderis H, Steinheider G, Kluge N and Dube SK. Synthesis of mouse haemoglobin and globin mRNA in leukemic cell cultures. Nature New Biology 239, 231-234, 1972.

10. Dube SK, Gaedicke G, Kluge N, Weimann B, Melderis H, Steinheider G, Crozier T, Beckmann H and Ostertag W. Hemoglobin synthesizing mouse and human erythroleukemia cell lines as model systems for the study of differentiation and control of gene expression. In: W Nakahara, T Ono, T Sugimura and H Sugano (eds) Proc 4th Intl Symp Princess Takamatsu Cancer Research Fund: Differentiation and Control of Malignancy of Tumor Cells, pp. 99-135. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, 1974.

11. Dube SK, Pragnell IB, Kluge N, Gaedicke G, Steinheider G and Ostertag W. Induction of endogenous and of spleen focus-forming viruses during dimethylsulfoxide induced differentiation of mouse erythroleukemia cells transformed by spleen focus-forming virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 72, 1863-1867, 1975.

12. Wallace RB, Dube SK and Bonner J. Localization of the globin gene in the template active fraction of chromatin of Friend leukemia cells. Science 198, 1166-1168, 1977

13. Ostertag W, Roesler G, Krieg CJ, Kind J, Cole T, Crozier T, Gaedicke G, Steinheider G, Kluge N and Dube SK. Induction of endogenous virus and of thymidine kinase by bromodeoxyuridine in cell cultures transformed by Friend virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 71, 4980-4985, 1974

14. Dube SK and Ostertag W. AZT before AIDS. Nature 352, 114, 1991

15. Carr F, Medina WD, Dube SK and Bertino JR. Genetic transformation of murine bone marrow cells to methotrexate resistance. Blood 62, 182-185, 1983

16. Dube SK, Roholt OA and Pressman D. Relative reactivity to iodination of tyrosine residues in ?-chymotrypsin. J Biol Chem 241, 4665-4669, 1966

17. Dube SK. Use of 125I in fingerprinting RNA. Nature 246, 483, 1973

18. Tonegawa S, Steinberg C, Dube SK and Bernardini A. Evidence for somatic generation of antibody diversity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 71, 4027-4031, 1974